Titanium Surface Pre-treatment for Improved Adhesion Performance

Titanium is a key metal and alloy component in the manufacturing scene. It is a tough, low density, high strength metal that possesses good heat transfer characteristics. It is twice as strong as Aluminium, 45% lighter than steel and does not become magnetised. These properties as well as its high melting point and corrosion resistance make it an important metal across the industrial manufacturing landscape. Its bio-compatibility also makes it ideal for medical device applications. To achieve optimal commercial use of these wonderful properties, the bond strength of Titanium parts joined to dissimilar materials often needs to be optimised. A popular bonding method is structural adhesive bonding.

 

Adhesive bonding has facilitated the joining of dissimilar materials, led to weight reduction and promoted cost effective assembly of multi-component parts (reduction in part count and assembly time) in the Aerospace, Automotive sector and other Industrial sectors. These are some of the unique advantages adhesives offer for structural, semi-structural and non-structural applications in these industries. The use of structural adhesives has seen a gradual but steady increase over the years as designers and engineers seek increased performance, flexibility in design, more efficient production and ultimately a greener footprint.

 

The road to optimizing bond strength starts with proper surface preparation of adherends. Typical methods include:

·         Abrasion: To increase the surface area of bonding often via wire brushing, sand blasting or use of sand paper.

·         Chemical: Changing the physical/chemical properties of the surface via chemical etching to improve adhesion. A process that has come under more environmental regulatory spotlight due to hazardous chemical involved.

·         Degreasing: To remove any dirt or contaminants from the surface usually with the aid of solvents.

·         Physical: Modification of the surface via common methods like plasma treatment, corona discharge or flame treatment.

 

CoBlast is a one-step, ambient temperature, ambient pressure, solvent free process that involves the simultaneous blasting of abrasive and coating powders (dopant) onto a metal surface from a single nozzle. The abrasive mechanically abrades the substrate, exposing active chemical bond to which the coating particles bond before an oxide layer can reform. It enables the removal of surface contaminants and weak boundary layer such as weak oxide layers in a more environmentally friendly manner than current pre-treatment methods.

 

Careful selection of abrasive and process parameters allows the adherend surface roughness to be adjusted. The wetting characteristics of the adherend can also be maximised by tailoring the dopant chemistry to the intended application.

CoBlast surface pre-treatment can be tailored to desired results of increased surface energy and wettability, greater surface area, and ultimately a clean surface set for improved bond strength. The general principle of a contaminant-free surface leading to improved bond performance is as true for wooden substrates as it is for the “high tech” carbon fibre laminates. Titanium-Titanium and Titanium-Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) joints with CoBlast pre-treatment have shown improved bonding performance with CoBlast pre-treatment over other wet and/or high temperature surface pre-treatment processes.  CoBlast paves the way for a greener carbon footprint and is only going to improve further as its application expands to various industrial sectors.

 
Ismail Adeyemi

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